Saturday, October 09, 2010

'Worldwide' as a preposition?

The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language takes worldwide to be both an adverb and an adjective (p. 568). It occurred to me this morning that it's more like a preposition, but the more I thought about it, the less sure I became. At this point, I'm firmly on the fence.

Worldwide is not exactly a typical adjective. Things don't typically become worldwide. In fact, I can only find one example in the COCA:
1997 MAG AmericanCraft "...was originally invented in Japan about 300 years ago, but its use has become worldwide since the late 19th century."
And I can't find any instances of seem worldwide. Nothing is ever *very worldwide or *more/less worldwide. It can be coordinated with adjectives (e.g., national and worldwide), but it rarely is (16 hits in the COCA for [j*] and worldwide). More frequently it's coordinated with PPs (e.g., in Canada and worldwide).

So perhaps it's a preposition. Both prepositions and adjectives can premodify nouns:
  1. the up button
  2. the from line
  3. the in crowd
Admittedly, though, this is not exactly a typical prepositional behaviour. A preposition like up performs this function in only a tiny fraction of its occurrences, and other prepositions like to and from occur as modifiers even less frequently. Worldwide in contrast premodifies a noun in almost a third of all its occurrences.

Prepositions form the head of locational complements (e.g., she put it on the desk, he got it from her). Here, worldwide is namby pamby.  You can't put something worldwide, but you can send it worldwide. You can't take something from worldwide, though I found one instance of attracting people from worldwide:
2008 ACAD InstrPsych "...database management to plan and implement the feasible strategies to attract all potential tourists from worldwide."
Finally, we can look at it as a non-predicate adjunct. As adjuncts, adjectives require a predicate (e.g., Alone, he listened to Blur. not *Alone, there was Blur playing on the radio.) Prepositions, on the other hand, don't share this requirement (e.g., In the bedroom, there was a radio playing.) In this respect, worldwide is more like a preposition. But adverbs can also function as non-predicate adjuncts, so this really doesn't tell us much.

So you can see why I'm having trouble building a case either for or against worldwide as a preposition. Anybody have any better arguments?

4 comments:

  1. I wouldn't take your examples of prepositions to be prepositional uses, but common noun uses. In is a preposition in in the box but not in the in box or ins and outs.

    There are many other examples in CGEL (p568) [15] that can't follow become: daily, hourly, weekly, downright, outright, overall, bleeding, bloody, damn(ed), fucking, alike*, extra, how(ever).

    *There are instances of alike used in this way, but I think it would be hard to argue that such use is standard and current. I also don't consider from worldwide to be grammatical.

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  2. Your blog has worldwide appeal.

    One little question: is it normal to say an adverb and a adjective?

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  3. "a adjective" now fixed. Thanks.

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